Glucose Fresenius Kabi 40% solution for infusion

Package leaflet: Information for the user

Introduction

PACKAGE LEAFLET: INFORMATION FOR THE USER

Glucosa Fresenius Kabi 40% solution for infusion

Glucose

Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start using this medicine, because it contains important information for you.

• Keep this leaflet as you may need to read it again.

• If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

• This medicine has been prescribed for you only, and you should not give it to other people, even if they have the same symptoms, as it may harm them.

• If you experience any adverse effects, consult your doctor or pharmacist, even if they are effects

• not listed in this leaflet. See section 4.

Contents of this leaflet:

1. What Glucosa Fresenius Kabi 40% is and what it is used for
2. What you need to know before using Glucosa Fresenius Kabi 40%
3. How to use Glucosa Fresenius Kabi 40%
4. Possible side effects
5. How to store Glucosa Fresenius Kabi 40%
6. Contents of the pack and other information

1. What Glucosa Fresenius Kabi 40% is and what it is used for

Glucosa Fresenius Kabi 40% is a clear infusion solution belonging to the group of intravenous solutions for parenteral nutrition, intended to provide water and energy.

Glucosa Fresenius Kabi 40% is indicated for:

• Parenteral nutrition (as an energy source) when oral intake of food is limited.

• Hypertonic dehydration states (without significant salt loss) or in cases where ionic imbalances due to excess need to be corrected.

• Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism.

2. What you need to know before using Glucosa Fresenius Kabi 40%

Do not use Glucosa Fresenius Kabi 40%

• If you are allergic to the active substance or to any of the other components of this medicine (listed in section 6).
• In cases of hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels).
• In cases of hyperhydration (excess water in the body), or edema due to fluid accumulation in tissues.
• If you have severe renal insufficiency (severe kidney dysfunction) or anuria (absence of urine production).
• In case of electrolyte depletion (loss of salts).
• If you have hyperlactatemia (presence of lactic acid in the blood).
• If you suffer from significant disturbances in glucose tolerance, including hyperosmolar states.
• In cases of hypotonic dehydration (with loss of salts), unless salts are simultaneously administered.
• If you have untreated diabetes.
• During the first 24 hours after a head injury.

Warnings and precautions

Consult your doctor or pharmacist before starting to use Glucosa Fresenius Kabi 40%.

• Blood glucose concentration must be carefully monitored during episodes of intracranial hypertension.

• If you have suffered acute ischemic events (reduced or absent blood flow in arteries), as hyperglycemia has been associated with increased cerebral ischemic damage and impaired recovery.

• In cases of shock and acid-base imbalances, electrolytes should be administered according to individual requirements before initiating glucose solution infusion. In case of sodium deficit, administering sodium-free solutions may lead to peripheral circulatory collapse and reduced urine output.

• Regular monitoring of serum electrolytes and fluid balance is recommended, as frequent and massive administration of parenteral glucose solutions may cause significant ionic depletions. In such cases, electrolyte supplementation may be necessary.

• To prevent hypokalemia (low blood potassium levels) caused by prolonged parenteral feeding with glucose, potassium may be added to the glucose solution as a safety measure.

• The risk of hyperhydration can be avoided by maintaining a complete balance of fluid intake and loss.

• Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels (glycemia) is recommended, especially if you are diabetic. In such cases, insulin requirements may need to be adjusted. Additionally, these solutions should be used with caution if you have Addison's disease or carbohydrate intolerance.

• If you have malnutrition, as you may have a deficiency in vitamin B1. This vitamin is essential for glucose metabolism, so this deficiency should be corrected first if necessary.

• If 40% glucose solution is administered via peripheral vein, continuous administration at the same injection site should be avoided due to the risk of thrombophlebitis (vein inflammation associated with clot formation).

• Special attention should be paid when used in elderly patients, as they may have impaired hepatic and/or renal function.

• In prolonged treatments, insulin production may be reduced.

• If you suffer from critical conditions, pain, postoperative stress, infections, burns, or central nervous system diseases.

• If you have any type of heart, liver, or kidney disease and are being treated with a medicine that increases the effect of vasopressin (a hormone regulating the body's water retention), because this may increase the risk of developing low blood sodium levels (hyponatremia) in hospital. (See section "Other medicines and Glucosa Fresenius Kabi 40%").

All patients must be closely monitored. In cases where normal regulation of blood water content is disrupted due to increased secretion of vasopressin, also known as Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), infusion of fluids with low sodium chloride concentration (hypotonic fluids) may result in low blood sodium levels (hyponatremia). This can cause headache, nausea, seizures, lethargy, coma, brain swelling (cerebral edema), and death; therefore, these symptoms (acute symptomatic hyponatremic encephalopathy) are considered a medical emergency. (See section 4. Possible side effects)

Children, women of reproductive age, and patients with brain disorders such as meningitis, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral contusion, and cerebral edema are at special risk of developing severe and potentially fatal brain swelling caused by acute hyponatremia.

Other medicines and Glucosa Fresenius Kabi 40%

Use of Glucosa Fresenius Kabi 40% with other medicines. Inform your doctor or pharmacist if you are using, have recently used, or might need to use any other medicines.

Certain medicines may interact with Glucosa Fresenius Kabi 40%. In such cases, it may be necessary to adjust the dose or discontinue treatment with one of the medicines.

It is important that you inform your doctor if you are taking any of the following medicines:

• Insulin or oral antidiabetics (biguanides, sulfonylureas), as intravenous glucose administration in patients treated with these medicines may reduce their therapeutic effectiveness (antagonistic action).

• Corticosteroids: Intravenous glucose administration in patients treated with systemic corticosteroids having glucocorticoid activity (e.g., cortisol) may lead to a significant increase in plasma glucose levels due to the hyperglycemic effect of these agents. As for corticosteroids with mineralocorticoid activity, they should be administered with caution due to their capacity to retain water and sodium.

• Digitalis glycosides (digoxin), as intravenous glucose administration concurrent with therapy using these medicines may increase digitalis activity, increasing the risk of toxicity. This is due to hypokalemia that may result from glucose administration if potassium is not added to the solution.

Glucose solutions free of electrolytes must not be administered through the same infusion set, simultaneously, before, or after blood transfusion, due to the risk of pseudoagglutination.

Medicines that enhance the effect of vasopressin

The following medicines increase the effect of vasopressin, thereby reducing renal excretion of electrolyte-free water and increasing the risk of hospital-acquired hyponatremia following inadequately balanced intravenous infusion therapy:

• Medicines that stimulate vasopressin release; e.g.:

chlorpropamide, clofibrate, carbamazepine, vincristine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methamphetamine, ifosfamide, antipsychotics, narcotics

• Medicines that potentiate the action of vasopressin; e.g.:

chlorpropamide, NSAIDs, cyclophosphamide

• Vasopressin analogs; e.g.:

desmopressin, oxytocin, vasopressin, terlipressin

Other medicines known to increase the risk of hyponatremia include diuretics in general and antiepileptic drugs such as oxcarbazepine.

Pregnancy, breastfeeding, and fertility

If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, think you may be pregnant, or plan to become pregnant, consult your doctor or pharmacist before using this medicine.

Glucosa Fresenius Kabi 40% should be administered with special caution in pregnant women during labor, especially if administered in combination with oxytocin, due to the risk of hyponatremia (see section 4).

During pregnancy, your doctor will decide whether the use of 40% glucose solution is appropriate, as it should be used with caution in this situation.

Excessive glucose administration during pregnancy may cause hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels), hyperinsulinemia (high blood insulin levels), and fetal acidosis (increased acidity in fetal blood), which may therefore be harmful to the newborn.

There is no evidence suggesting that Glucosa Fresenius Kabi 40% solution may cause adverse effects in the neonate during lactation. Nevertheless, caution is recommended during this period.

Driving and use of machines

There is no indication that Glucosa Fresenius Kabi 40% solution may affect the ability to drive or operate machinery.

3. How to use Glucosa Fresenius Kabi 40%

Follow exactly the administration instructions for this medicine as indicated by your doctor or pharmacist. If in doubt, consult your doctor or pharmacist again.

Glucosa Fresenius Kabi 40% is provided as a solution and will be administered in the hospital by the appropriate healthcare personnel.

Glucosa Fresenius Kabi 40% is administered intravenously by infusion.

Your doctor will determine the duration of your treatment with Glucosa Fresenius Kabi 40%.

The dose may be adjusted at the physician's discretion, depending on the patient's age, weight, clinical condition, fluid balance, electrolyte levels, and acid-base balance.

Unless otherwise directed by the physician, the recommended dose is as follows:

Maximum daily dose

Adults

Maximum daily dose of 5 ml/kg body weight/day (equivalent to 2.0 g of glucose/kg body weight/day), which should only be exceeded in exceptional cases up to 6.0 g/kg body weight/day.

Maximum infusion rate

0.625 ml/kg body weight/hour (equivalent to 0.25 g of glucose/kg body weight).

Due to the body's maximum metabolic oxidation rate, carbohydrate supply should be limited to 300–400 g/day under normal metabolic conditions.

In cases of metabolic impairment, for example, during post-stress metabolism, hypoxia (lack of oxygen), or organ failure, the daily dose should be reduced to 200–300 g of glucose (equivalent to 3 g/kg body weight per day) to avoid elevated blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia), insulin resistance, and increased morbidity. Adequate monitoring is required for personalized dose adjustment.

Use in children

Newborns and premature neonates

The maximum glucose dose in premature neonates should be 11.5 g per kg body weight on the first day of life. From the second day of life onward, the maximum daily glucose dose must not exceed 17.3 g per kg body weight. In newborns, the maximum glucose dose should be 7.2 g per kg body weight on the first day of life. From the second day of life onward, the maximum daily glucose dose must not exceed 17.3 g per kg body weight.

Infants and children

The maximum glucose dose depends on the body weight of the infant/child and the phase of critical illness, which can be divided into acute, stable, and recovery phases. The acute phase is defined as the resuscitation phase when the patient requires organ life support (sedation, mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, fluid resuscitation). The stable phase is defined as a stable patient or one independent of support. The recovery phase is defined as a patient who is mobilizing. The maximum daily glucose doses in grams per kg body weight per day are listed in the following table according to the phase of illness:

Recommended maximum daily glucose dose

Monitoring of blood glucose levels is recommended during the administration of carbohydrate solutions.

To prevent overdose, the use of infusion pumps is recommended, especially for the infusion of glucose solutions with higher concentrations.

Method of administration

Infusion preferably via central intravenous route (administration through a large vein).

If you use more Glucosa Fresenius Kabi 40% than you should

Given the nature of the product, if its indication and administration are correct and controlled, there is no risk of intoxication.

If the solution is not administered correctly and under control, one or more of the following signs of overdose may occur: hyperglycemia, glucosuria, fatty liver, hyperhydration, or electrolyte disturbances. In such cases, administration should be discontinued and symptomatic treatment initiated. In the event of elevated blood glucose, insulin should be administered.

If capillary blood glucose values exceed 200 mg/dL, insulin administration should be initiated. Likewise, in cases where glucose administration is used as a non-protein energy source in parenteral nutrition, the composition of the nutritional mixture should be modified (increasing lipid supply and reducing glucose supply).

In case of overdose or accidental ingestion, contact the Toxicology Information Service. Telephone: 915 620 420.

If you have any further questions about the use of this product, consult your doctor or pharmacist.

4. Possible adverse effects

Like all medicines, Glucosa Fresenius Kabi 40% may produce adverse effects, although not everyone will experience them.

If the solution is administered correctly and under control, the possible complications are those related to the intravenous administration technique.

If administration is performed via a central vein, the main complications will be due to catheter placement and maintenance, or complications arising from infections.

If administration is performed via a peripheral vein, there is a risk of thrombophlebitis (inflammation of a vein associated with blood clot formation), especially when administration is prolonged. In these cases, it is recommended to periodically change the catheter insertion site (every 24–48 hours).

Hyperglycemia, glycosuria (glucose in urine), or disturbances in fluid or electrolyte balance may occur if the solution is administered too rapidly, if the fluid volume is excessive, or in cases of metabolic insufficiency.

Hyperglycemia resulting from rapid infusion or excessive volume must be especially monitored in severe cases of diabetes mellitus and can be avoided by reducing the dose and infusion rate, or by administering insulin.

The following adverse reactions have been reported:

Metabolism and nutrition disorders:

• Hyperglycemia
• Electrolyte imbalance
• Fluid imbalance

General disorders and administration site conditions:

• Edema at infusion site
• Pyrexia
• Extravasation at injection site
• Infection at injection site
• Reaction at injection site
• Pain at injection site

Renal and urinary disorders:

• Glycosuria

Vascular disorders:

• Thrombophlebitis

Hyponatremia:

Headache, nausea, seizures, lethargy. This may be caused by low sodium levels in the blood. When blood sodium levels drop significantly, water enters the brain cells causing them to swell. This results in increased intracranial pressure and leads to hyponatremic encephalopathy.

Reporting of adverse effects

If you experience any type of adverse effect, consult your doctor or pharmacist, even if it is a possible adverse effect not listed in this leaflet. You may also report them directly through the Spanish Pharmacovigilance System for Human Medicines: www.notificaRAM.es. By reporting adverse effects, you can help provide more information on the safety of this medicine.

5. Storage of Glucosa Fresenius Kabi 40%

Keep this medicine out of the sight and reach of children.

Do not use this medicine after the expiry date stated on the container after EXP. The expiry date is the last day of the month indicated.

Medicines should not be disposed of via wastewater or household waste. Ask your pharmacist how to dispose of medicines and packaging that you no longer need. This will help protect the environment.

Store below 25°C.

6. Contents of the pack and other information

Composition of Glucose Fresenius Kabi 40%

• The active substance is glucose. Each 100 ml of solution contains 40 g of anhydrous glucose (equivalent to 44 g of monohydrate glucose).
• The other components are water for injections and hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide (for pH adjustment).

Appearance of the product and contents of the container

Glucose Fresenius Kabi 40% is a clear solution packed in a sealed glass bottle. It is available in pack sizes of 250 ml and 500 ml.

Clinical pack presentations are also available:

12 bottles containing 250 ml
12 bottles containing 500 ml

Not all pack sizes may be marketed.

Marketing Authorization Holder and Manufacturer

Marketing Authorization Holder

Fresenius Kabi España S.A.U.
Torre Mapfre-Vila Olímpica
C/ Marina 16-18
08005-Barcelona (Spain)

Manufacturer

Fresenius Kabi Italia, S.r.l.
Via Camagre, 41/43
37063 Isola Della Scala – Verona
Italy

Date of the most recent review of this summary: January 2020.

Detailed and up-to-date information on this medicinal product is available on the website of the Spanish Agency of Medicines and Health Products (AEMPS) http://www.aemps.gob.es/

This information is intended exclusively for physicians or healthcare professionals

Glucose Fresenius Kabi 40% is to be administered by infusion, preferably via a central vein.

Healthcare personnel must ensure proper placement of the needle within the vein, as tissue irritation due to extravasation may be severe because this is a hypertonic solution.

The contents of each bottle of Glucose Fresenius Kabi 40% are intended for a single infusion only.

Once the container has been opened, the solution should be administered immediately. Any unused portion must be discarded.

The solution must be clear and free from precipitates. Do not administer if otherwise.

When administering the solution, and particularly when preparing mixtures or adding medications, strict aseptic technique must be maintained.

Within the context of parenteral nutrition, Glucose Fresenius Kabi 40% may be administered together with other nutritional preparations in a single bag, or separately.

However, prior to preparing mixtures for parenteral nutrition, adding medications to the solution, or administering concomitantly with other drugs, compatibility must be verified.

Incompatibility has been reported in various studies between 40% glucose solutions and the following: sodium ampicillin, calcium disodium edetate, α-erythropoietin, erythromycin lactobionate, sodium heparin, imipenem-cilastatin sodium, sodium indomethacin, meropenem, and sodium thiopental.

However, some of these drugs may be compatible with this infusion solution depending on various factors such as the pH of the solution (e.g., sodium heparin and erythromycin lactobionate), the drug concentration in the solution (e.g., sodium heparin), or the time interval between dissolution and administration (e.g., imipenem-cilastatin sodium, meropenem).

In addition, incompatibility has been observed when certain drugs are diluted in glucose-containing solutions, including: amrinone lactate, cisplatin, interferon alfa-2b, procainamide hydrochloride, amoxicillin sodium/clavulanic acid, teicoplanin, bleomycin sulfate, cladribine, melphalan hydrochloride, sodium phenytoin, mechlorethamine hydrochloride, mitomycin, amoxicillin sodium, rifampicin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. However, it should be noted that some of these drugs, such as amrinone lactate or amoxicillin sodium/clavulanic acid, may be directly injected into the infusion site while the infusion solution is being administered.

Glucose solutions free of electrolytes must not be administered through the same infusion set, simultaneously, before, or after blood transfusion, due to the risk of pseudoagglutination.

General advice

Monitoring of fluid balance, serum glucose, serum sodium, and other electrolytes may be required before and during administration, especially in patients with increased non-osmotic release of vasopressin (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, SIADH) and in patients receiving concomitant treatment with vasopressin agonists, due to the risk of hyponatremia.

Monitoring of serum sodium is particularly important when physiologically hypotonic solutions are administered. Glucose Fresenius Kabi 40% may become extremely hypotonic after administration due to glucose metabolism in the body (see sections 2 and 4).